What is the principle of least privilege?

The principle of least privilege is a fundamental concept in cybersecurity and information security management, emphasizing that users should be granted only those permissions necessary to perform their specific job functions. This principle is vital for minimizing security risks and potential damage that could arise from the misuse of permissions.

By adhering to this principle, organizations can effectively reduce the attack surface, as fewer users have access to sensitive data or critical systems. If a user's account is compromised, the potential for harm is minimized because the attacker is limited to the functions that the user can perform. This strategy not only protects sensitive information but also helps in regulatory compliance by ensuring that access controls are appropriately enacted.

Given the context of other options, it is clear that granting every permission available or providing all users with admin access would lead to significant security vulnerabilities, as it allows unnecessary and excessive access that could be exploited. Similarly, while limiting access to secure networks is an important aspect of security, it doesn't specifically address the concept of managing individual user permissions in line with their job roles. Thus, the choice that aligns with the principle of least privilege is indeed granting users only those permissions necessary to perform their job functions.