What is the enforcement of policies through technical means known as?

The enforcement of policies through technical means is known as technical controls. This concept involves using technology to implement security measures that protect information and systems. Technical controls can include firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems, and access control mechanisms, which are designed to enforce security policies automatically and ensure that compliance is maintained without the need for direct human intervention.

Understanding technical controls is crucial because they form the backbone of an organization's cybersecurity strategy, allowing for real-time monitoring and response to threats. Their implementation enables organizations to adhere to regulatory requirements and best practices, significantly enhancing the overall security posture.

In contrast, other types of controls, such as administrative controls, refer to the policies and procedures that guide employees' actions; physical controls involve safeguarding physical assets; and operational controls focus on the day-to-day operations that manage risk and protect information. Each of these categories serves different purposes, but it is the technical controls that directly enforce policies at a system level.