What is a primary threat associated with unpatched software?

Unpatched software presents a significant threat primarily due to its vulnerability to exploitation. When software is not updated with the latest security patches, it remains susceptible to known vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. These vulnerabilities can allow unauthorized access to systems, data breaches, and other forms of cyberattacks, potentially leading to serious consequences for an organization, including financial loss, reputational damage, and legal ramifications.

In contrast, the other choices present outcomes that are generally considered positive, such as increased user productivity or enhanced network performance, which are not consequences of unpatched software. Greater system stability is also unlikely when a system is running outdated software, as it may encounter more errors and issues stemming from unresolved vulnerabilities. The primary focus should be on the seriousness of the risks associated with unpatched software and how these vulnerabilities can be exploited, hence the emphasis on vulnerability to exploitation as the correct answer.