What does two-factor authentication require?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process that requires two distinct forms of verification to confirm a user's identity before granting access to a system, application, or account. This process typically involves a combination of something the user knows (such as a password) and something the user has (such as a smartphone for receiving a text message or generating a code). By requiring two forms of verification, 2FA enhances security by making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to gain access, as they would need to obtain both factors of authentication.

The other options do not accurately define 2FA. Having two different user accounts does not involve the verification process required for access; entering two passwords does not necessarily increase security beyond the traditional single-factor rights; and using two software applications does not pertain to the concept of authentication itself. Therefore, the essence of two-factor authentication lies in the requirement of multiple forms of verification, reinforcing its role in protecting sensitive information and systems.