What does dual control ensure in data access?

Dual control is a security principle that requires two individuals to be present when accessing sensitive data or performing critical tasks. This approach enhances security by reducing the risk of fraud, error, or unauthorized access, as it ensures that no single person has unilateral control over the data. By requiring the involvement of two people, dual control acts as a check-and-balance system, promoting accountability and oversight.

The other choices do not align with the concept of dual control. For instance, allowing one person to access data alone compromises security and is contrary to the purpose of dual control. If everyone has access to the data without restriction, it diminishes the security controls in place. Lastly, limiting access solely through passwords does not provide the same level of operational oversight and collaborative authorization that dual control emphasizes.