How does symmetric encryption differ from asymmetric encryption?

Symmetric encryption is characterized by the use of a single key for both the encryption and decryption processes. This means that the same key is used to convert plaintext into ciphertext and then back from ciphertext to plaintext. This key must be kept secret and shared only between the parties involved in the communication.

In contrast, asymmetric encryption utilizes a pair of mathematically related keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This fundamental distinction is what sets symmetric encryption apart.

While symmetric encryption is generally faster than asymmetric encryption due to the less complex algorithms typically employed, it does require careful key management to ensure the security of that single key. Additionally, its security is generally deemed adequate for many applications, though it may not provide the same level of trust as asymmetric solutions in certain scenarios due to the vulnerabilities associated with key sharing and management.