How does ransomware operate?

Ransomware operates primarily by encrypting a user's files, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid for the decryption key. This malicious software infiltrates a system, often through methods like phishing emails or vulnerabilities in software, and once activated, it encrypts files on the infected device. The attacker then presents a demand for payment, usually in cryptocurrency, promising that the decryption key will be provided upon receipt of the payment. This model of attack creates pressure on the victim to respond quickly to regain access to critical data.

The focus on file encryption is what makes ransomware particularly dangerous; users may feel compelled to comply with the demand, even though there's no guarantee that paying the ransom will actually restore access to their files. This exploitation of fear and urgency is a central feature of ransomware operations.